The Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) is a Marxist-Leninist group with about 30,000 soldiers fighting for the liberation of Kurdistan, which is occupied by Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq. The PKK's European representative, Kani Yilmaz, was arrested by the B ritish police on Oct. 26. Yilmaz had been invited to England to address members of Parliament regarding the PKK's proposals for a peaceful solution to the conflict in Turkish-occupied Northwest Kurdistan. It is feared he will be deported to Germany, where the PKK is banned and Mr. Yilmaz faces charges of "suspicion of being a ringleader of a terrorist organization." As of mid-December, he was still held by British authorities.
On Dec. 3, the Ankara and Istanbul offices of the Kurdish daily newspaper Ozgur Ulke (Free Land) were bombed. No group has claimed responsibility for the bombing, but the Turkish fascist party MHP and the Turkish secret police are suspected. A few days before the bombing, Ozgur Ulke published a cease-fire offer, from PKK chairman Abdullah Ocalan, which Turkish prime minister Ciller flatly rejected.
At least two dozen people were hurt in the blasts, and a driver for the newspaper, Ersin Yildiz, was killed. On Dec. 5, several thousand people took part in Mr. Yildiz's funeral. Police attacked and seriously injured several people. Several small, demo cratic, Turkish presses have pooled their resources to enable Ozgur Ulke to continue publishing.
An ARGK (the military wing of the PKK) commander has announced that a major offensive against the Turkish state will be launched in 1995.
On Nov. 17, prior to a march commemorating the 1973 student uprising that led to the fall of Greece's American-supported military junta, police arrested 60 people to prevent direct-action-oriented anarchists from participating in the march. Masked anar chists fought pitched street battles with the police for several hours on Nov. 16, exchanging teargas and petrol bombs in preparation for the following day's events.
As the march was underway, more than 100 anarchists occupied the Polytechnic School, the starting point of the march and symbol of the student uprising. Hundreds supported the occupation from the outside. The anarchists were demanding the release of th ose seized in the police raids. We have no further details on the fate of the imprisoned anarchists.H
[Conducted mid-'94 by Germany's Free Workers Union. Edited only for American English clarity by Neither East Nor West-NYC and Love and Rage. The Awareness League is the Nigerian affiliate of the anarcho-syndicalist International Workers Association .]
Do you think there is a real danger of a civil war in Nigeria? Or is there a real chance for free elections, which have been promised several times?
The way things are going, there is a real risk of civil war. Many prominent Nigerians have warned about this. So have many foreign commentators who have recently visited the country for a first-hand assessment, such as American civil-rights leader Jess e Jackson. For the record, Nigeria fought a civil war from 1967 to 1970, when the eastern part of the country declared the Republic of Biafra and seceded. All the elements that were present in that crisis are equally present in the current imbroglio:
Overall, the civil war scenario is not inevitable. The lessons of 1967-70 point to the futility of war as a means of resolving any conflict. Internal and external pressures to force the military to hand over power within the next six months can avert t he looming catastrophe.
As for elections, the experience of [ousted dictator General Ibrahim] Babangida shows that the military cannot be trusted. In the event of any future election, the military will want to hand over power to their candidate, or nothing. If they could annu l the June 12 elections [believed to have been won by Abiola], which, by their own admission, were the freest the country has had, wherein lies the guarantee that they would allow free elections in the future?
Is the Awareness League involved in the strikes now shaking Nigeria? If yes, what are the activities of the Awareness League? If not, why aren't you involved?
Yes, we are involved in the strikes. Our members are principally university and polytechnic lecturers, journalists, students, civil-service employees, and other activists of leftist persuasion. The universities are currently on strike nationwide, and o ur members are involved. Civil servants in the Enugu state are presently on strike, and Awareness League activists are a part of it. Additionally, many independent newspaper houses are presently shut, and their premises forcibly occupied by soldiers and p olicemen. Again, our members are affected.
What is the position of the Awareness League towards the election?
The June 12, 1993 presidential elections pitted the Social Democratic Party candidate, Moshood Abiola, against Bashir Tofa, the candidate of the right-wing National Republican Convention. The latter was clearly the candidate of the military. All progre ssive groups, trade unions, pro-democracy groups, and left organizations, including the Awareness League, rallied around the SDP candidate. This action was, in the main, a vote against military rule. The Awareness League, like many other left groups, was of the view that the installation of a left-of-center government was a minimum condition for the propagation and pursuit of anarcho-syndicalist struggle and ideals.
Is there cooperation with other groups in Nigeria and other African states?
The Awareness League collaborates with the human rights group Campaign for Democracy, but we are not members of the group. There is an emerging body in Nigeria known as the Left Coalition, to which the Awareness League belongs. Our next congress will, hopefully, ratify this step. We have been trying without success to establish links with other left groups, and preferably anarchist groups, in other African countries, especially South Africa.
What are the main fields of activity of the Awareness League? In which professions and social groups are members of the Awareness League from?
Our activities are mainly in the area of worker education, ideological re-orientation, creation of the necessary environment for political consciousness, propaganda, and mobilization. Our members are mainly university workers and teachers, journalists, civil servants, and students.
Are there many women in the Awareness League, and what are their main political activities and interests?
Unfortunately, there are not many women members in the Awareness League. This has to do with the structure of African society, in which women hardly take part in political activities. This is made worse by the fact that not as many women as men are edu cated. Most women, therefore, are not in a position to appreciate the program of anarcho-syndicalism. All that will be a thing of the past with sustained political education and enlightenment over a period of time.
What can people in other countries do to support the fight of the Awareness League in Nigeria?
Fist and foremost, the Awareness League seeks fraternal international solidarity. We also seek material and financial support to be able to build a strong anarchist group in Nigeria by creating the necessary enlightenment and ideological consciousness for the mobilization of workers, leftists, and other activists. Our immediate needs include a printing machine, photocopying machine, electric typewriter, anarchist literature, books and other materials. These materials will enable us to carry out our edu cational and propaganda activities throughout the country, and facilitate our communication with other groups around the world.
Awareness League[Donations should be sent in cash or unsigned, blank American Express Travelers checks.]