1. Borton (1970) p. 205.
2. See Notehelfer (1971)
3. Shiota (1965) p. 433.
4. Ibid., p. 434. (Kôtoku's faulty English in this letter to an American anarchist has been corrected without altering his meaning.)
5. Hikari (20 January 1906) p. 6.
6. Suzuki (1964) p. 467.
7. Ibid., p. 478.
8. Supplement to Suzuki (1964).
9. Hikari (5 July 1906) p. 1.
10. Nikkan Heimin Shinbun (5 February 1907) p. 1. (A complete translation of this article appears in Crump [1983] pp. 341-51.)
11. Shakai Shinbun (15 September 1907) p. 1.
12. Hikari (5 March 1906) p. 6.
13. Shiota (1965) p. 441.
14. Crump (1983) pp. 250ff.
15. Akaba (1960) p. 294.
16. Crump (1983) pp. 158-67.
17. Notehelfer (1971) pp. 163ff; Crump (1983) pp. 301ff; Anarkowic (1994).
18. Shakaishugi Kenkyû (October 1921) p. 12.
19. Rôdô Undô (1 November 1922) p. 2.
20. Beckmann & Ôkubo (1969) pp. 8-78.
21. Stanley (1982) pp. 127ff.
22. Rôdô Undô (1 January 1923) p. 9.
23. See note 19.
24. Stanley (1982) pp. 155ff.
25. Crump (1993) pp. 69ff.
26. Ibid., p. 77.
27. See ibid.
28. Hatta (1981) p. 309.
29. Hatta (1983) pp. 14-15.
30. Crump (1993) pp. 111-13.
31. Hatta (1983) p. 29.
32. Kropotkin (1972) p. 191.
33. Crump (1993) pp. 137ff.
34. Jiyû Rengô (5 December 1926) p. 3.
35. Kokushoku Seinen (10 December 1929) p. 1.
36. Crump (1993) pp. 83-6.
37. Jiyû Rengô (10 January 1928) p. 1 (in Japanese).
38. Kokushoku Seinen (5 February 1928) p. 8.
39. Crump (1993) p. 88.
40. Ibid., pp. 87ff.
41. Jiyû Rengô Shinbun (10 November 1931) p. 4.
42. Crump (1993) pp. 160-72.
43. Ibid., pp. 172-80.
44. Ibid., pp. 180-6.
45. Hagiwara (1969) pp. 192, 226.
46. Ibid., pp. 227-8; Libertaire Group (1979) p. 27.
47. Hagiwara (1969) p. 228.
48. Tsuzuki (1971) pp. 105-6; Mihara (1993) pp. 135-7.
Select Bibliography
Akaba, Hajime, "Nômin no Fukuin" [The Farmers' Gospel] in Meiji Bunka Shiryô Sôsho vol. 5 (Tôkyô: Kazama, 1960).
Anarkowic, Stefan, Against the God Emperor: the Anarchist Treason Trials in Japan (London: Kate Sharpley, 1994).
Beckmann, George & Ôkubo, Genji, The Japanese Communist Party 1922-1945 (Stanford: University Press, 1969).
Borton, Hugh, Japan's Modern Century (New York: Ronald, 1970).
Crump, John, The Origins of Socialist Thought in Japan (Beckenham: Croom Helm, 1983).
Crump, John, Hatta Shûzô and Pure Anarchism in Interwar Japan (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993).
Hagiwara, Shintarô, Nihon Anakizumu Rôdô Undô Shi [History of the Japanese Anarchist Labour Movement] (Tôkyô: Gendai Shichô, 1969).
Hatta, Shûzô, Zenshû Museifukyôsanshugi [Collected Works: Anarchist Communism] (Tôkyô: Kokushoku Sensen, 1981).
Hatta, Shûzô, Zenshû Museifukyôsanshugi [Collected Works: Anarchist Communism] (Tôkyô: Kokushoku Sensen, 1983). Hikari [Light] (Tôkyô: Meiji Bunken Shiryô Kankô Kai, 1960). Jiyû Rengô/Jiyû Rengô Shinbun [Libertarian Federation/Libertarian Federation Newspaper] (Tôkyô: Kaien, 1975). Kokushoku Seinen [Black Youth] (Isezaki: Kokushoku Sensen, 1975).
Kropotkin, Peter, The Conquest of Bread (New York: University Press, 1972).
Libertaire Group, A Short History of the Anarchist Movement in Japan (Tôkyô: Idea, 1979).
Mihara, Yôko, "On the Present Situation of Anarchism in Japan", Anarchist Studies l (1993). Nikkan Heimin Shinbun [Daily Common People's Newspaper] (Tôkyô: Meiji Bunken Shiryô Kankô Kai, 1960-3).
Notehelfer, F, Kôtoku Shûsui: Portrait of a Japanese Radical (Cambridge: University Press, 1971). Rôdô Undô [Labour Movement] (Isezaki: Kokushoku Sensen, 1973). Shakai Shinbun [Social News] (Tôkyô: Meiji Bunken Shiryô Kankô Kai, 1960-3). Shakaishugi Kenkyû [Socialist Studies] (Tôkyô: 1920 onwards).
Shiota, Shôbee (ed), Kôtoku Shûsui no Nikki to Shokan [The Diaries and Letters of Kôtoku Shûsui] (Tôkyô: Mirai, 1965).
Stanley, Thomas, Ôsugi Sakae: Anarchist in Taishô Japan (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard, 1982).
Suzuki, Mosaburô, Zaibei Shakaishugisha Museifushugisha Enkaku [History of the Socialists and Anarchists Resident in America] (Tôkyô: Shakai Bunko, 1964).
Tsuzuki, Chûshichi, "Anarchism in Japan" in D Apter & J Joll, Anarchism Today (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1971).
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